The antiepileptic drug ezogabine reduced pathologic excitability of cortical and spinal motor neuron cells that are early signs of clinical dysfunction in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), according to a study conducted by the Neurological Clinical Research Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH).

In addition to providing a clearer understanding of motor neuron excitability as an important disease pathway for ALS, the multi-site study, published in JAMA Neurology, involves reportedly the first clinical investigation of ALS (also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease) using a drug identified through an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) model, according to a media release from Massachusetts General Hospital.

“The stem cell approach allowed us to capture the hyperexcitability of motor neurons — a prominent disease phenotype — and to then show ezogabine was able to reduce it in people with ALS.

“Our findings could have important implications for the field of ALS research both by demonstrating the effect of ezogabine on excitability in people with the disease and by showing that the metrics of cortical and spinal motor neuron excitability may be used as drug biomarkers in multi-site clinical trials.”

— lead author Brian Wainger, MD, PhD, of the Healey Center for ALS at MGH

The MGH study of ezogabine was not designed to assess the long-term effects of the drug on the neurodegenerative disorder, but rather to unravel the biological processes that go awry and identify novel molecular targets for drug intervention. To that end, the 10-week, phase 2 study of 65 participants with ALS at 12 US sites investigated the feasibility of using neuron excitability metrics as predictors of disease progression.

“We demonstrated for the first time that these neurophysiological assays can be effectively deployed across multiple study sites, which is important in trials of diseases like ALS where investigators rely on many sites for recruitment. That finding could be useful in evaluating other drugs to treat ALS, or even for other diseases where motor neuron metrics could serve as key biomarkers.”

— Brian Wainger, MD, PhD

Epilepsy Drug’s Calming Action

Ezogabine (also known as retigabine) had been previously approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating epilepsy with a unique mechanism of action: facilitating potassium channels in cell membranes that play a central role in controlling neuron excitability, particularly important in the control of seizures. Researchers from MGH’s Neurological Clinical Research Institute began evaluating the drug’s potential in the context of ALS, using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and threshold tracking nerve conduction studies (TTNCS) to measure the effects of ezogabine on motor neuron excitability. They learned that ezogabine did indeed calm the excitability of motor neurons.

“Further studies are needed to determine if longer treatment will sustain the effects of reduced excitability and, if so, whether that may slow disease progression. Through our study we’ve hopefully established a new research paradigm for using iPSC-based in vitro models for identifying novel disease targets and compounds, and rapidly repurposing drugs for clinical trials.”

— Brian Wainger, MD, PhD

[Source(s): Massachusetts General Hospital, EurekAlert]


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